Cervical laminectomy is a surgical procedure in which the spinal canal is made larger by removing the spinous process and the lamina. This reduces neck pain and relieves the pressure on the spinal cord caused by the degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs in the cervical region.
During the procedure, your surgeon makes an incision in the center, at the back of your neck. The muscles are moved aside, the arteries and nerves in the neck are secured. Once the access to the spine is gained, the lamina of the affected vertebra is removed along with the bone spurs if present. Sometimes, cervical fusion surgery is done along with cervical laminectomy procedure. This is to prevent the risk of developing spinal instability that may lead to pain.
Cervical fusion is a neurosurgical procedure that is performed to relieve pressure over one or more nerve roots or on the spinal cord. The cervical fusion procedure stabilizes two or more vertebrae by fusing them together. Neck pain is also relieved as there is no more vertebral movement.
During the cervical fusion procedure, your surgeon makes a small incision in front of the neck. The neck muscles are moved aside and the affected intervertebral disc is removed. This process is called decompression, which relieves pressure on the nerves and spinal cord. The disc is replaced with a bone graft which will gradually fuse with the vertebrae. The bone graft helps in fusion of the bone. Metal plates or pins may also be placed to help the vertebrae to fuse better. You may need to wear a neck collar for a period of about a month following the surgery so that healing occurs.
The results of the cervical laminectomy are variable, since some people have more extensive disease than others. In general, after the laminectomy most patients can expect to regain:
- Some spinal cord function
- Improvement in their hand function and walking capabilities
- Less or no numbness in their hands (if there was a lot of numbness prior to the surgery, it probably won’t go away completely)
If the cervical laminectomy and cervical fusion simply prevent progression of the spinal cord damage (myelopathy) and there is no loss of function due to the surgery, both the patient and spine surgeon should consider it successful.